Sandeep Dhand
Nutritionist And Health Educator
What is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism is not a disease. It is a common vision problem caused by an irregular shape of the eye. Normally, the cornea (the clear front layer of the eye) is shaped like a perfect dome or a basketball. In astigmatism, the cornea or the lens inside the eye has a curved shape like a rugby ball or an egg. This uneven curve causes light to focus on multiple points in the eye instead of a single point, leading to blurred or distorted vision.
How Vision Works Normally
In a healthy eye:
Light enters the eye through the cornea and passes through the lens.
The cornea and lens focus the light directly onto the retina at the back of the eye.
The retina then sends signals to the brain, which interprets them as images.
In astigmatism:
The uneven shape of the cornea or lens bends the light unevenly.
The light rays do not meet at a single point.
This causes blurry, fuzzy, or distorted vision.
Types of Astigmatism
There are three main types of astigmatism:
- Corneal Astigmatism: The cornea is irregularly shaped.
- Lenticular Astigmatism: The lens inside the eye is shaped unevenly.
- Mixed Astigmatism: Both the cornea and lens are irregularly shaped.
Astigmatism can also be:
Myopic Astigmatism: With nearsightedness.
Hyperopic Astigmatism: With farsightedness.
What Causes Astigmatism?
Astigmatism can be present from birth or develop later. Common causes include:
Genetics: If your parents have it, you may have it too.
Eye Injuries: An injury can change the shape of the cornea.
Eye Surgery: Certain surgeries can affect the eye’s shape.
Keratoconus: A condition where the cornea becomes thin and cone-shaped.
High Eye Pressure: Can affect eye structure over time.
Symptoms of Astigmatism
The signs of astigmatism vary depending on how mild or severe it is. Common symptoms include:
Blurred or distorted vision (near and far)
Eye strain or tired eyes
Headaches
Difficulty seeing at night
Squinting often to see clearly
Double vision in some cases
Difficulty reading or focusing on screens
How is Astigmatism Diagnosed?
A full eye exam is needed to diagnose astigmatism. An eye doctor (optometrist or ophthalmologist) uses different tests, such as:
Visual Acuity Test: Reading letters from a chart.
Keratometry: Measuring the curvature of the cornea.
Refraction Test: Using different lenses to find the best prescription.
Topography: A detailed map of the cornea’s surface.
Regular eye check-ups are important for early detection.
Treatment Options for Astigmatism
Astigmatism can be corrected easily with the right treatment. Some options include:
- Eyeglasses
Most common and simple solution.
Cylindrical lenses help correct the uneven curve.
Customized as per the individual’s need.
- Contact Lenses
Toric Lenses are specially designed for astigmatism.
Give a wider field of vision than glasses.
Need proper cleaning and handling.
- Orthokeratology (Ortho-K)
Special rigid contact lenses worn overnight.
Temporarily reshape the cornea.
Vision improves during the day without glasses.
Effects are temporary; needs regular use.
- Laser Surgery
LASIK, PRK, or LASEK: Reshape the cornea using a laser.
Suitable for adults with stable vision.
A permanent solution for many.
Not suitable for everyone (depends on eye health).
- Lens Implant
In cases of severe astigmatism or cataracts.
Artificial lenses replace the natural lens.
Can Astigmatism Be Prevented?
No, you cannot prevent it, especially if it is genetic. But you can manage and reduce discomfort with:
Early diagnosis
Proper eye care
Wearing prescribed glasses or lenses
Regular eye exams
Taking breaks from screens and reading
Diet Plan to Support Eye Health in Astigmatism
While diet cannot cure astigmatism, it can support overall eye health and reduce strain. Here is a supportive diet plan with important nutrients:
Key Nutrients for Eye Health
- Vitamin A
Important for retina function and clear vision.
Sources: Carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, pumpkin, mangoes.
- Vitamin C
Supports blood vessels in the eyes, reduces risk of cataracts.
Sources: Oranges, lemons, bell peppers, strawberries, guavas.
- Vitamin E
Protects eye cells from damage.
Sources: Almonds, sunflower seeds, peanuts, spinach, avocado.
- Zinc
Helps vitamin A work in the eye and supports night vision.
Sources: Chickpeas, kidney beans, lentils, nuts, whole grains.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Reduce eye dryness and support retina health.
Sources: Flaxseeds, chia seeds, walnuts, fish (salmon, mackerel).
- Lutein and Zeaxanthin
Protect eyes from harmful light and damage.
Sources: Kale, spinach, corn, green peas, egg yolks.
- B Vitamins
Help reduce inflammation and eye stress.
Sources: Whole grains, bananas, dairy, legumes.
Sample Diet Plan for Eye Health
Early Morning
A glass of warm water with lemon
5 soaked almonds and 1 walnut (for Vitamin E and Omega-3)
Breakfast
Vegetable oats or poha with spinach, carrots, and peas
A glass of fresh orange juice or a seasonal fruit
Mid-Morning Snack
A handful of roasted seeds (flaxseeds, pumpkin seeds)
Herbal tea or coconut water
Lunch
1-2 whole wheat chapatis
Mixed vegetable curry (carrot, spinach, beans)
Brown rice or quinoa
A bowl of curd or raita
Evening Snack
A fruit (papaya, guava, or mango)
Green tea with 2 whole-grain crackers
Dinner
Moong dal or lentil soup
Stir-fried veggies (broccoli, bell peppers, corn)
1-2 chapatis
A small bowl of salad (cucumber, tomatoes, beetroot)
Bedtime
A glass of warm turmeric milk (for antioxidant support)
Tips for Better Eye Health with Astigmatism
Follow the 20-20-20 Rule: Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
Blink often to avoid dry eyes.
Keep screens at eye level and at a safe distance.
Use anti-glare screen filters.
Wear sunglasses when outdoors to protect against UV rays.
Get enough sleep—at least 7 to 8 hours per night.
Stay hydrated—drink 8–10 glasses of water daily.
Don’t rub your eyes frequently.
Avoid excessive screen time.
Visit your eye doctor regularly (at least once a year).
Conclusion
Astigmatism is a common condition that can cause blurry or distorted vision, but it is very manageable. With the right glasses, contact lenses, or surgery, you can see clearly and live comfortably. A good lifestyle, regular eye check-ups, and a nutrient-rich diet can help maintain eye health and reduce discomfort. Remember, early detection and regular care are the keys to protecting your vision for the long term.